Structural Formula
Uses: Salicylic acid and acetic acid. Slightly soluble in water, soluble in ethanol, ether, chloroform, also soluble in alkali hydroxide solution or carbonic acid solution, and decomposes at the same time. Commonly used antipyretic analgesics. For antipyretic, analgesic, anti-rheumatism, promote excretion of uric acid in patients with gout, anti-platelet aggregation and treatment of biliary ascariasis.
Structural Formula
Efficacy and Function ：Amoxicillin is a relatively common anti-inflammatory drug, and its anti-inflammatory effect is relatively good. It has always been one of the necessary drugs for many patients at home. This product is well absorbed orally. Taking the same amount of drug, the serum drug concentration of this product is about double that of ampicillin. It is often used for respiratory tract, urinary tract and biliary tract infection and typhoid fever caused by sensitive bacteria. The role of amoxicillin is mainly in the anti-infection treatment of various systems, as follows: 1Chemicalbook. Upper respiratory tract infection: otitis media, sinusitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, etc. Lower respiratory tract infection: acute bronchitis, pneumonia, etc. 2. Various skin and soft tissue infections. 3. Urogenital tract infection: acute bacterial nephritis, acute cystitis, acute urethritis, acute simple gonorrhea, etc. 4. Amoxicillin can also be combined with metronidazole and omeprazole to eradicate gastric and duodenal Helicobacter pylori and reduce the recurrence rate of peptic ulcer.
Structural Formula
Introduction
Also known as acetylsalicylic acid, it belongs to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which were first used for anti-inflammatory and analgesic. Later, scientists discovered that aspirin has the effect of preventing platelet aggregation and achieving antithrombotic effect. As the research on aspirin continues to deepen, many new uses have been discovered. For example, aspirin can reduce the death rate of myocardial infarction and stroke, and can also reduce the risk of colorectal cancer
Structural Formula
Atorvastatin calcium is an organic compound with a chemical formula of C66H68CaF2N4O10. It is a statin blood lipid regulating drug. Cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were reduced, serum triglyceride levels were moderately reduced and blood high-density lipoprotein levels were increased.
Structural Formula
Azithromycin is an antibacterial drug used to treat many bacterial infections, including otitis media, strep pharyngitis, pneumonia, traveler’s diarrhea, and other conditions such as gastroenteritis, and to treat many sexually transmitted diseases, including chlamydia and gonorrhea, It can also be used to treat malaria. Azithromycin is administered orally or intravenously, and is limited to one dose per day.
Structural Formula
Cefixime , an organic compound with a chemical formula of C16H15N5O7S2, is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic for oral administration and is suitable for the treatment of respiratory, urinary and biliary tract infections caused by sensitive bacteria.
Structural Formula
Cefotaxime sodium is a commonly used carbapenem antibiotic, belonging to the third-generation semi-synthetic cephalosporin, with a wider antibacterial spectrum than cefuroxime, and a stronger effect on Gram-negative bacteria. Influenza Bacillus, Chemicalbook Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli, Salmonella Klebsiella aerogenes and Proteus mirabilis, Neisseria, Staphylococcus, Pneumococcus, Streptococcus, Klebsiella and Salmonella, etc. Enterobacteriaceae, etc.
Structural Formula
Cefuroxime axetil (cefuroxime axetil) is an orally effective second-generation cephalosporin-based prodrug of cefuroxime, which is the acetoxyethyl ester of cefuroxime, developed by GlaxoSmithKline;
Structural Formula
Chloroquine phosphate is a 4-aminoquinoline antimalarial drug, which can inhibit the nucleic acid synthesis of Plasmodium schizonts, interfere with the growth and reproduction of Plasmodium schizonts, and has a high-efficiency killing effect on Plasmodium schizonts.
Structural Formula
Ciprofloxacin, also known as ciprofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, Xifuhuan, Xipuxin, Mansulin, Enpre, Timerix, and Huanfuxing, belongs to the third-generation quinolone antibacterial drugs. Successfully developed by Bayer Pharmaceuticals in Germany, the trade name is “Sipura”. It was first launched in the United States, Germany and Chile in 1987. It has become the most widely used fluoroquinolone antibiotic in the world, and its antibacterial spectrum is similar to that of norfloxacin. , but the antibacterial activity is 2 to 10 times stronger, and it is the drug with the strongest in vitro antibacterial activity in this class of drugs. It is significantly superior to antibiotics such as cephalosporins and aminoglycosides against Enterobacteriaceae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Streptococcus, Legionella, Staphylococcus aureus, etc., and its antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria is similar to that of ofloxacin. The antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria is 2 to 4 times stronger than norfloxacin and ofloxacin, and also better than cefaclor and gentamicin. Gentamicin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus are often still sensitive to this product. The mechanism of action of ciprofloxacin is to inhibit the DNA gyrase involved in nucleic acid synthesis, and to prevent cell division and kill bacteria by destroying the bacterial DNA structure.
Structural Formula
Dimethyl sulfone is an organic sulfide, which can enhance the ability of the human body to produce insulin and promote the metabolism of carbohydrates. It is a necessary substance for the synthesis of human collagen. It can promote wound healing, and can also play a role in the synthesis and activation of vitamin B, vitamin C, and biotin required for metabolism and nerve health. It is called “natural beautifying carbon substance”. It is contained in the skin, hair, nails, bones, muscles and various organs of the human body. It mainly exists in the ocean and soil in nature and is absorbed as a nutrient during the growth of plants. Humans can obtain it from vegetables, fruits, fish, and meat. It is the main substance for the human body to maintain the balance of biological sulfur elements. It has therapeutic value and health care functions for human diseases, and is a must for human survival and health protection. Drugs are widely used as nutritional products as important as vitamins in foreign countries. The research on the application of dimethyl sulfone in my country has not yet been carried out well, so the current products are all for export.
Structural Formula
Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO for short) is a sulfur-containing organic compound, English Dimethylsulfoxide, molecular formula (CH3) 2SO, colorless, odorless, transparent liquid at room temperature, hygroscopic flammable liquid, both high polarity , high boiling point, non-protic, miscible in water, extremely low toxicity Known as “universal solvent”. It is one of the most commonly used organic solvents with the strongest dissolving ability. It can dissolve most organic substances, including carbohydrates, polymers, peptides, and many inorganic salts and gases.
Structural Formula
Entecavir is a new generation of guanosine nucleoside analogue oral drug used for the treatment of hepatitis B virus infection, mainly used for the treatment of adults with active virus replication and continuous increase in serum transaminases, or active liver histological lesions of chronic Hepatitis B is currently the nucleoside analogue with the fastest and strongest virus reduction and the lowest mutation rate.
Structural Formula
A product in which some or all of the hydrogens on the hydroxyl groups in cellulose are replaced by ethyl groups. It has good toughness, cold resistance and film-forming property, and is a white or light gray fluid powder, odorless. Ethyl cellulose is a nonionic cellulose ether that is insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents.
Structural Formula
Furosemide is a diuretic developed by former Sidhurst in 1963, also known as furosemide, which is clinically used to treat peripheral edema caused by cardiac edema, renal edema, liver cirrhosis ascites, dysfunction or vascular disorders. Sexual edema, and can promote the discharge of upper urethral stones. Its diuretic effect is rapid and powerful, and it is mostly used in severe cases where other diuretics are ineffective.
Structural Formula
Chemical properties:
This product is white crystal or crystalline powder; odorless, slightly bitter taste; the color gradually becomes darker when exposed to light; after dissolving in water, part of the lactone becomes glucuronic acid, reaches an equilibrium state, and shows an acidic reaction. This product is easily soluble in water, slightly soluble in methanol and slightly soluble in ethanol. The melting point is 170-176°C (decomposition), and the specific rotation is +18.0°-+20.0° (0.1g/ml). After this product enters the body, under the catalysis of the enzyme, the lactone ring is opened and becomes glucuronic acid to play a role. Glucuronic acid is one of the important detoxifying substances in the body. It can combine with poisons and drugs containing carboxyl groups in the liver or intestines to form non-toxic or low-toxic glucuronic acid conjugates and excreted in urine; it can also reduce liver amylase It can prevent the decomposition of glycogen, increase liver glycogen, reduce fat storage, and protect the liver and detoxify.
Structural Formula
Hydroxychloroquine is a synthetic antimalarial agent that also inhibits Toll-like receptor 7/9 (TLR7/9) signaling. Hydroxychloroquine effectively inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Structural Formula
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose is the propylene glycol ether of methylcellulose, in which the hydroxypropyl and methyl groups are combined with the anhydrous glucose ring of cellulose through ether bonds, and it is white to off-white cellulose powder or granules, with Similar cold water solubility and hot water insoluble properties as methyl cellulose. The solubility in organic solvents is better than that in water. It can be dissolved in anhydrous methanol and ethanol solutions, and can also be dissolved in organic solvents such as chlorinated hydrocarbons and ketones. Soluble in water, its water-soluble Chemicalbook liquid has surface activity, forms a thin film after drying, undergoes reversible transformation from sol to gel in turn after heating and cooling. In cold drinks, it can be used alone or in combination with other emulsifiers and stabilizers. The maximum dosage in cold drinks is 1%. In recent years, it has been widely used in petrochemical, papermaking, leather, textile printing and dyeing, medicine, food, cosmetics and other industries as a dispersant, thickener, adhesive, excipient, capsule, oil-resistant coating and filler, etc.
Structural Formula
Ivermectin is a new type of broad-spectrum, high-efficiency, and low-toxicity antibiotic antiparasitic drug, which has a good killing effect on internal and external parasites, especially nematodes and arthropods. But it is invalid for tapeworms, trematodes and protozoa. The repelling effect of macrolide antiparasitic drugs on nematodes and arthropods lies in increasing the release of the inhibitory transmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in Chemicalbook and opening the Cl ion controlled by glutamic acid. Channels, enhance the permeability of the nerve membrane to Cl, thereby blocking the transmission of nerve signals, and eventually nerve paralysis, causing muscle cells to lose their ability to contract, resulting in the death of the worm.
Structural Formula
Leuprorelin acetate (Leuprorelin/Leuprolideacetate, LA) is a synthetic water-soluble nonapeptide with both ends blocked, and its amino acid sequence is 5-oxo-L-prolyl-L-histidyl-L-color Chemicalbook ammonia Acyl-L-seryl-L-tyrosyl-D-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-arginyl-N-ethyl-L-prolinamide monoacetate, molecular weight 1269.47 , Soluble in water, ethanol and propylene glycol, pKa6.9.
Structural Formula
Lidocaine hydrochloride has the characteristics of strong penetrability, strong dispersibility, and quick onset of action. Its anesthetic efficacy is twice that of procaine, and its toxicity is 1. The anesthesia effect can appear within 5 minutes after administration, and the anesthesia effect can last for 1 to 1.5 hours, which is 50% longer than that of procaine. After absorption, it can inhibit the central nervous system, inhibit ventricular self-discipline, shorten the refractory period, and can be used to control ventricular tachycardia and treat arrhythmia symptoms such as ventricular premature beats, ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation. It is effective for arrhythmia caused by heart disease or cardiac glycosides, but not effective for supraventricular tachycardia. This product acts quickly, lasts for a short time, is ineffective when taken orally, and is often administered as an intravenous injection.
Structural Formula
Liraglutide is a clear, colorless solution. The dosage form is subcutaneous injection. After more than 10 years of research and development, liraglutide has many functions such as promoting the regeneration of islet cells, lowering blood sugar, reducing weight and protecting the cardiovascular system. The trade name Victoza is used to treat type 2 diabetes, and the trade name Saxenda is used to treat chronic obesity. As a supplement to diet control and physical exercise. Liraglutide is an acylated human glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, which has 97% amino acid sequence homology with human endogenous GChemicalbookLP-1 (7-37), retaining All the biological activities of GLP-1 have been inhibited, and it has GLP-1 receptor agonistic effect. Through the expression of recombinant DNA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, its molecular structure has only one amino acid difference from the natural GLP-1 molecule, and the structure only makes the following two parts of modification to GLP-1: the 34th lysine is replaced by arginine In addition, a glutamic acid-mediated 16-carbon palmitoyl fatty acid side chain is added to lysine 26.
Structural Formula
Misoprostol, also known as Xikeku, Misoport, and Misoprostol, was first launched in the United States in 1985. It is a synthetic prostaglandin E1 analogue, and its appearance is light yellow viscous liquid. Extremely insoluble in water, can be mixed with ethanol, ether, chloroform. Unstable at room temperature. Belonging to a new type of anti-progestin, it is a derivative of prostaglandin E1 synthesized by Chemicalbook. It can stimulate the secretion of mucus and bicarbonate, and promote the blood flow of the mucosa, so it has a protective effect on the gastric and duodenal mucosa and is beneficial to ulcers. heal. It can inhibit the secretion of basic gastric acid or the secretion of gastric acid and pepsin caused by histamine, pentagastrin and food stimulation.
Structural Formula
Neomycin sulfate is an aminoglycoside antibiotic. This product has good antibacterial effect on Staphylococcus (methicillin-sensitive strain), Corynebacterium, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Proteus and other Enterobacteriaceae bacteria. Streptococcus, Enterococcus, etc. have poor activity. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, anaerobic bacteria, etc. are resistant to this product. Bacteria have partial or complete cross-resistance to streptomycin, neomycin, kanamycin, and gentamicin.
Structural Formula
Polyvinylpyrrolidone, referred to as PVP, is a polymer of vinylpyrrolidone. Because of its different degree of polymerization, it is divided into soluble PVP and insoluble PVPP (polyvinylpolypyrrolidone). The relative molecular mass of soluble PVP is 8000-10000, and it can be used as a precipitating agent to react with polyphenols to precipitate. Using this method, chemicalbook residues of PVP are likely to exist in wine. Because PVP accumulates in the human body, the World Health Organization does not recommend the use of this substance. In recent years, the use of soluble PVP has been rare. The insoluble PVPP system has been used in the beer industry since the early 1960s. Its relative submass is greater than 700,000. It is a polymer insoluble product formed by further cross-linking and polymerization of PVP. It can be used as an adsorbent for polyphenols with good results.
Structural Formula
Povidone-iodine is an unstable complex formed by the complexation of surfactant and iodine. It belongs to iodophor external disinfectant. It is yellow-brown to red-brown amorphous powder at room temperature and is easily soluble in water or ethanol. Chemicalbook, insoluble in ether or chloroform. The 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone homopolymer is a surfactant, which helps the solution to wet and penetrate objects, thereby enhancing the bactericidal effect of iodine.
Structural Formula
Semaglutide is a new generation of GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) analogues developed by Novo Nordisk, Denmark. Semaglutide is based on the basic structure of liraglutide. And the developed long-acting dosage form has a better effect in treating type 2 diabetes. Novo Nordisk has completed 6 PC Chemical bookhase IIIa studies of semaglutide injection, and submitted a new drug registration application for weekly semaglutide injection to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on December 5, 2016. A Marketing Authorization Application (MAA) was also submitted to the European Medicines Agency (EMA). On the other hand, the once-daily oral formulation of semaglutide is currently in clinical phase III.
Structural Formula
Simvastatin is synthesized from the fermentation product of Aspergillus terreus. It is an inactive lactone, and its active structure is an inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase. First listed in the UK in 1988. Clinical results have confirmed that it can reduce the levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL Chemicalbook-C) and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C). In addition, it can also increase high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and lower triglycerides. It is suitable for primary hypercholesterolemia and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, while increasing the cholesterol of high-density lipoproteins and reducing the level of high triglycerides in serum.
Structural Formula
Sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin sodium is a new type of pharmaceutical preparation auxiliary material, which belongs to a sulfonic acid derivative of anionic high water-soluble cyclodextrin. It can be well included with drug molecules to form non-covalent complexes, which improves drug stability, water solubility, safety and effectively improves the biological activity of drug molecules. It has low nephrotoxicity and can alleviate drug hemolysis. properties to control the rate of drug release.
Structural Formula
Trazodone hydrochloride is a triazolpyridine antidepressant, which is mainly used to treat various types of depression and anxiety accompanied by depressive symptoms, as well as emotional disorders after drug dependence withdrawal. This product is a benzene Chemicalbook piperazine propyl derivative, which has nothing to do with tricyclic or tetracyclic antidepressants in chemical structure. It has no monoamine oxidase inhibitory or amphetamine-like properties and has little anticholinergic effect.
Structural Formula
The active ingredient of triptorelin is a synthetic analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), also known as tryptorelin, Diferelin, Dabiga, and gonadorelin. It is an antineoplastic drug with pharmacological effects Tongge Chemicalbook Serelin and Buserelin, the structural improvement is to replace the sixth L-glycine in the natural molecular structure with D-tryptophan, so that the promoting effect is more significant and the plasma half-life is longer , with higher potency.
